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In the 1960s, motor vehicles were identified as one of the primary sources of air pollutants in urban areas. Emission standards for passenger cars were first imposed in California in 1965. These were followed by U.S. federal standards in 1968. The 1970 Clean Air Act further imposed stringent HC, CO, and NO x reductions for 1975 and 1976. These reductions were subsequently delayed and changed by the 1974 Energy and Environmental Coordination Act and the 1977 Clean Air Act Amendments. Recognition of the motor vehicle as a major source of pollutants has spread to other countries, of which many have imposed diverse standards and test procedures reflecting various degrees of stringency. The differences have come about because of different regulatory philosophies and air quality goals, in combination with concerns about the conflicting goal of improved fuel efficiency
Emission Control(EC) Components are designed to detect and purify gasoline engine exhaust. By assessing gas temperature and oxygen concentrations, EC Components can quickly remove harmful substances, playing an essential role in improving environmental performance and fuel efficiency.
A catalyst removes harmful exhaust substances most effectively when the air-to-fuel ratio is between 14.5:1 and 14.7:1. With this theoretical ratio, the fuel injected into the engine reacts (burns) optimally with oxygen. DENSO's Engine EC Components control the fuel injection volume based on data gathered from various sensors, resulting in exhaust that is cleaner than air.
An A/F Sensor detects the air-fuel ratio of the engine's exhaust. A vapor-liquid separation cover and water exposure protection layer provide water resistance in the exhaust pipe where water condenses. This minimizes the branch in the sensor's main unit so the element electrode can quickly detect air-fuel ratio in each cylinder. This innovative design controls fuel injection volume and reduces sensor activation time when the engine starts.
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